NAD+ 750mg

What Is NAD+

NAD+, short for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, is the oxidized form of NADH. It’s main biological function is to carry electrons from one biochemical reaction to another, acting to shuttle energy within a cell and, in certain conditions, to extracellular locations as well. NAD+ also plays roles in enzyme activation/deactivation, posttranslational modification of proteins, and cell-to-cell communication. As an extracellular signaling molecule, NAD+ has been found to be released from neurons in blood vessels, the bladder, the large intestine, and from certain neurons in the brain.

NAD+ Effects

• NAD+ is best thought of as a support molecule that is essential to cellular metabolism as well as extracellular communication. Research shows that NAD+ plays important roles in energy conversion, DNA repair, immune defense, and circadian cycles. Levels of the cofactor, however, are sensitive to disease state as well as age. NAD+ as the following effects that decline as a result of natural age-related decreases in the levels of the cofactor.
• NAD+ activates sirtuins and other enzymes, liked Poly-ADP-ribose polymerases, involved in DNA repair and inflammatory processes. Sirtuins are the same enzymes linked to the life-extending benefits of calorie restriction.
• NAD+ controls the production of the protein PGC-1-alpha, which protects neurons and other cells in the central nervous system from oxidative stress. Research in mice shows that this particular effect may be linked to improved memory, particularly with aging.
• In mouse models, NAD+ helps to protect blood vessels against age-related hardening and the deposition of atherosclerotic plaques. In some studies, the cofactor even helps to reverse age-related dysfunction of the aorta.
• Mice given NAD+ show increased rates of metabolism and improved lean body mass.
• Increased NAD+ levels can increase muscle strength and endurance in older mice.

NAD+ Research

Anti-Aging Research and NAD+

One of the primary results of the standard aging process is a decline in both the quality and activity of mitochondria. Mitochondria are the body’s power plants, producing the energy for everything from neuron firing to digestion and muscle function. A decline in mitochondrial functioning has been associated with normal aging, but is also a factor in a number of age-related disease processes. Research shows that mitochondrial aging contributes to cellular senescence, inflammation, and even changes in stem cell activity that reduce rates of healing and make it harder for the body to recover from injury in old age of the Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, mitochondria cannot simply be viewed as bioenergetics factories, but “rather as platforms for intracellular signaling, regulators of innate immunity and modulators of stem cell activity.” He goes on to explain that “mitochondria can be linked to a wide range of processes associated with aging including senescence, inflammation, as well as the more generalized age-dependent decline in tissue and organ function.” In other words, mitochondria are the lynch pin of cellular aging and understanding how to protect their function is a necessary first step in understanding how to slow, stop, or even reverse the aging process.

New research suggests that at least some of the age-related decline seen in mitochondria can be reversed through dietary supplementation with NAD+. This function of NAD+ was uncovered, or at least made popular in research circles, by David Sinclair of Harvard University. Sinclair is the same researcher who uncovered the anti-aging effects of reservatrol (a component of red wine). In 2013, Sinclair revealed that mitochondria in the muscle of mice could be restored to a more youthful state via injection of a precursor to NAD+

Research completed in 2013 showed that declining levels of NAD+ leads to a pseudohypoxic state within cells. This, in turn, interrupts the normal signaling that takes place between the nucleus, where DNA resides, and the mitochondria. By supplementing old mice with NAD+, mitochondrial function is restored and the communication commences again

NAD+ in Addiction Treatment

It has long been known that drugs and alcohol can have a deleterious effect on NAD+ levels. This leads to nutritional deficits, but has also been linked to changes in mood and awareness. Supplementation with NAD+ to help overcome these deficits started in the 1960s, but has recently gained popularity as a result of studies showing that NAD+ in combination with specific amino acid complexes can actually boost recovery and lead to more profound and lasting results during addiction rehabilitation. Research indicates that the combination of NAD+ and certain amino acids can reduce cravings and improve stress and anxiety levels

NAD+ Supplementation and the Future of Aging Research

There is good evidence from animal models to suggest that NAD+ supplementation can offset some of the effects of mitochondrial aging. Much of this evidence, however, comes from animal models. There has been a strong push to test NAD+ in clinical trials of neurodegenerative disease and chronic type 2 diabetes. In both cases, the simple cofactor holds a great deal of promise for, at the very least, slowing the progression of these devastating diseases. There is even hope that NAD+ can, by itself or in combination with other therapies, reverse certain disease processes or even regulate the aging process itself.

NAD+ exhibits minimal side effects, low oral and excellent subcutaneous bioavailability in mice. Per kg dosage in mice does not scale to humans. NAD+ for sale at Peptide Sciences is limited to educational and scientific research only, not for human consumption. Only buy NAD+ if you are a licensed researcher.

Storage Instructions:

All of our products are manufactured using the Lyophilization (Freeze Drying) process, which ensures that our products remain 100% stable for shipping 3-4 months reconstituted (mixed with bacteriostatic water) to maintain stability. After reconstitution, the peptides will remain stable for up to 30 days.

Lyophilization is a unique dehydration process, also known as cryodesiccation, where the peptides are frozen and then subjected to low pressure. This causes the water in the peptide vial to sublimate directly from solid to gas, leaving behind a stable, crystalline white structure known as lyophilized peptide. The puffy white powder can be stored at room temperature until you're ready to reconstitute it with bacteriostatic water.

Once peptides have been received, it is imperative that they are kept cold and away from light. If the peptides will be used immediately, or in the next several days, weeks or months, short-term refrigeration under 4C (39F) is generally acceptable. Lyophilized peptides are usually stable at room temperatures for several weeks or more, so if they will be utilized within weeks or months such storage is typically adequate.

However, for longer term storage (several months to years) it is more preferable to store peptides in a freezer at -80C (-112F). When storing peptides for months or even years, freezing is optimal in order to preserve the peptide’s stability.